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![]() 2-3 Mean Effective Pressure, 49 2-4 Torque and Power, 50 2-5 Dynamometers, 53 2-6 Air-Fuel Ratio and Fuel-Air Ratio, 55 2-7 Specific Fuel Consumption, 56 2-8 Engine Efficiencies, 59 2-9 Volumetric Efficiency, 60 , 2-10 Emissions, 62 2-11 Noise Abatement, 62 2-12 Conclusions-Working Equations, 63 Problems, 65 Design Problems, 67 3 ENGINE CYCLES 68 3-1 Air-Standard Cycles, 68 3-2 Otto Cycle, 72 3-3 Real Air-Fuel Engine Cycles, 81 3-4 SI Engine Cycle at Part Throttle, 83 3-5 Exhaust Process, 86 3-6 Diesel Cycle, 91 3-7 Dual Cycle, 94 3-8 Comparison of Otto, Diesel, and Dual Cycles, 97 3-9 Miller Cycle, 103 3-10 Comparison of Miller Cycle and Otto Cycle, 108 3-11 Two-Stroke Cycles, 109 4 THERMOCHEMISTRY AND FUELS 121 4-1 Thermochemistry, 121 4-2 Hydrocarbon Fuels-Gasoline, 131 4-3 Some Common Hydrocarbon Components, 134 4-4 Self-Ignition and Octane Number, 139 4-5 Diesel Fuel, 148 4-6 Alternate Fuels, 150 4-7 Conclusions, 162 Problems, 162 Design Problems, 165 5 AIR AND FUEL INDUCTION 5-1 Intake Manifold, 166 5-2 Volumetric Efficiency of SI Engines, 168 5-3 Intake Valves, 173 5-4 Fuel Injectors, 178 5-5 Carburetors, 181 5-6 Supercharging and Turbocharging, 190 5-7 Stratified Charge Engines and Dual Fuel Engines, 195 5-8 Intake for Two-Stroke Cycle Engines, 196 5-9 Intake for CI Engines, 199 5-10 Conclusions, 201 Problems, 202 Design Problems, 204 6 FLUID MOTION WITHIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER 206 6-1 Turbulence, 206 6-2 Swirl, 208 6-3 Squish and Tumble, 213 6-4 Divided Combustion Chambers, 214 6-5 Crevice Flow and Blowby, 215 6-6 Mathematical Models and Computer Simulation, 219 6-7 Internal Combustion Engine Simulation 7 COMBUSTION 7-1 Combustion in SI Engines, 229 7-2 Combustion in Divided Chamber Engines and Stratified Charge Engines, 243 7-3 Engine o?Itrating Characteristics, 246 7-4 Modern Fast Burn Combustion Chambers, 248 7-5 Combustion in CI Engines, 251 7-6 Summary, 259 Problems, 260 Design Problems, 261 8 EXHAUST FLOW 262 8-1 Blowdown, 262 8-2 Exhaust Stroke, 265 8-3 Exhaust Valves, 268 8-4 Exhaust Temperature, 269 8-5 Exhaust Manifold, 270 8-6 Turbochargers, 272 8-7 Exhaust Gas Recycle-EGR, 273 8-8 Tailpipe and Muffler, 273 8-9 Two-Stroke Cycle Engines, 274 8-10 Summary and Conclusions, 274 Problems, 275 Design Problems, 276 9 EMISSIONS AND AIR POLLUTION 277 9-1 Air Pollution, 277 9-2 Hydrocarbons (He), 278 9-3 Carbon Monoxide (CO), 285 9-4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), 285 9-5 Particulates, 287 9-6 Other Emissions, 290 9-7 Aftertreatment, 292 9-8 Catalytic Converters, 293 9-9 CI Engines, 301 9-10 Chemical Methods to Reduce Emissions, 303 9-11 Exhaust Gas Recycle-EGR, 304 9-12 Non-Exhaust Emissions, 307 Problems, 308 Design Problems, 311 10 HEAT TRANSFER IN ENGINES 312 10-1 Energy Distribution, 313 10-2 Engine Temperatures, 314 10-3 Heat Transfer in Intake System, 317 10-4 Heat Transfer in Combustion Chambers, 318 10-5 Heat Transfer in Exhaust System, 324 10-6 Effect of Engine Operating Variables on Heat Transfer, 327 10-7 Air Cooled Engines, 334 10-8 Liquid Cooled Engines, 335 link down [bkcar.net]engineering_fundamentals_of_the_internal_combustio n_engine |