DieselEngine_ReferenceBook_muya

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I/The theory ofcompression ignition engines
Contents
1.1 Introduction 5
1.1.1 Historical 5
1.1.2 Classifications 5
1.2 Two-stroke and four-stroke engines 5
1.2.1 Two-stroke engines 6
1.2.2 Four-stroke engines 7
1.2.3 Evaluation of power output of two-strokeand four-stroke engines 7
1.2.4 Other operating parameters 8
1.3 Air standard cycles: constant pressure—constantvolume—dual combustion 9
1.3.1 Theoretical expressions for air standardcycles 9
1.3.2 Further comments on air standard cycles 13
1.4 Basic thermodynamics of real gases 14
1.4.1 Gas properties 14
1.4.2 Combustion 15
1.4.3 Dissociation and reaction kinetics 17
1.5 Real diesel engine cyclic processes 17
1.5.1 Closed period 17
1.5.2 Open period 19
1.6 Detailed cycle analysis methods 21
1.6.1 Closed period 21
1.6.2 Open period (gas exchange process) 22
1.6.3 Completion of calculation sequence 25
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II/Thermodynamicmathematical
modelling
Contents
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Fundamentals and the energy equation 127
6.3 Gas properties 129
6.4 Pipe flows, valves, throttles and flow restrictions 131
6.5 Turbomachinery and charge air coolers 134
6.6 The cylinder 137
6.7 Injection and combustion 139
6.8 Heal transfer and friction 141
6.9 Model results and engine performance 144
6.10 Transient modelling 145
6.11 Other engine components 146
6.11.1 Turbomachinery 146
6.11.2 Control valves 147
6.11.3 Indirect injection and other fuellingmethods 147
6.11.4 Two-stroke engines 148
6.12 Energy equation, gas properties and combustionextensions 148
6.13 Gas dynamics 149
III/Inlet and exhaustsystems
Contents
9.1 Introduction 201
9.2 Gas flow 201
9.3 Four-stroke engines 201
9.3.1 Valve timings 202
9.3.2 Valve areas 203
9.3.3 Determination of flow coefficients 204
9.3.4 Engine breathing demands 207
9.3.5 Actual non-swirling port shapes 207
9.3.6 Swirl producing ports 207
9.4 Turbocharging 211
9.5 Two-stroke engine scavenging 211
9.5.1 Cross scavenging 211
9.5.2 Loop scavenging 211
9.5.3 Uniflow scavenging 212
9.5.4 Port areas and timings 213
9.6 Silencers 214
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